Kark RM, Pirani CL, Pollak VE, Muehrcke RC, Blainey JD. around the podocyte. compares the incidence of allergy between nephrotic patients and healthy controls. ?compares positive skin test results between nephrotic patients and healthy controls. ?No renal biopsy data. All patients had SSNS. compares IgE serum levels between nephrotic patients and healthy controls. compares the incidence of allergy between first-degree relatives of nephrotic patients and healthy controls. ?Two separate antigens were tested. #Historical controls were used. **Compared with German general populace historical controls. ??104 patients were studied; of these only 40 were age- and sex-matched to children who had undergone urological or orthopedic operations. ??84 patients were studied; of these, 78 DMAT were classified as atopic/non-atopic. In reporting the biopsy findings, the authors did not differentiate between atopic/non-atopic. IgE in Atopy and MCD DMAT Many advances have been made in recent years for the pathogenesis of atopy. IgE synthesis by B cells requires 2 signals. The first signal is delivered by the cytokines IL-4 or IL-13 released by DMAT TH2 cells, which target the Cgene for switch recombination. The second signal is delivered by interaction of the B-cell surface antigen CD40 with its ligand expressed on activated T cells.23 Therefore, patients with atopy typically present with increased serum IgE and serum IL-4 and IL-13 levels, although on repeated exposure to same allergen, patients also may have increased plasma levels of interferon None. None. Recommendations 1. Shalhoub RJ. Pathogenesis of lipoid nephrosis: A disorder of T-cell function. Lancet. 1974;2:556C560. [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 2. Koyama A, Fujisaki M, Kobayashi M, Igarashi M, Narita M. A glomerular permeability factor produced by human T cell hybridomas. Kidney Int. 1991;40:453C460. [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 3. Kay AB. Allergy and allergic diseases. DMAT First of two parts. N Engl J Med. 2001;344:30C37. [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 4. Fanconi G, Kousmine C, Frisch B, Knecht DMAT W. Prognosis of the nephrotic syndrome. Helv Pediatr Acta. 1951;6:219C224. [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 5. Kark RM, Pirani CL, Pollak VE, Muehrcke RC, Blainey JD. The nephrotic syndrome in adults: A common ATM disorder with many causes. Ann Intern Med. 1958;49:751C754. [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 6. Hardwicke J, Soothill JF, Squire JR, Holti G. Nephrotic syndrome with pollen hypersensitivity. Lancet. 1959;1:500C502. [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 7. Reeves WG, Cameron JS, Johansson SG, Ogg CS, Peters DK, Weller RO. Seasonal nephrotic syndrome. Description and immunological findings. Clin Allergy. 1975;5:121C137. [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 8. Wittig HJ, Goldman AS. Nephrotic syndrome associated with inhaled allergens. Lancet. 1970;1:542C543. [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 9. Rytand DA. Fatal anuria, the nephrotic syndrome and glomerular nephritis as sequels of the dermatitis of poison oak. Am J Med. 1948;5:548C560. [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 10. Rytand DA. Onset of the nephrotic syndrome during a reaction to bee sting. Stanford Med Bull. 1955;13:224C233. [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 11. Schulte-Wissermann H, Gortz W, Straub E. IgE in patients with glomerulonephritis and minimal-change nephrotic syndrome. Eur J Pediatr. 1979;131:105C111. [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 12. Meadow SR, Sarsfield JK. Steroid-responsive and nephrotic syndrome and allergy: Clinical studies. Arch Dis Child. 1981;56:509C516. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 13. Salsano ME, Graziano L, Luongo I, Pilla P, Giordano M, Lama G. Atopy in childhood idiopathic nephrotic syndrome. Acta Paediatr. 2007;96:561C566. [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 14. Cheung W, Wei CL, Seah CC, Jordan SC, Yap HK. Atopy, serum IgE, and interleukin-13 in steroid-responsive nephrotic syndrome. Pediatr Nephrol. 2004;19:627C632. [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 15. Lin CY, Lee BH, Lin CC, Chen WP. A study of the.