Ferreri AJ, Ponzoni M, Guidoboni M, De Conciliis C, Resti AG, Mazzi B, Lettini AA, Demeter J, Dell’Oro S, Doglioni C, Villa E, Boiocchi M, Dolcetti R. cells. Interestingly, several classes of FDA-approved antibiotics inhibit mitochondrial biogenesis like a known side-effect, which could become harnessed instead like a restorative effect. Based on this analysis, we now display that 4-to-5 different classes of FDA-approved medicines can be used to eradicate malignancy stem cells, in 12 different malignancy cell lines, across 8 different tumor types (breast, DCIS, ovarian, prostate, lung, pancreatic, melanoma, and glioblastoma (mind)). These five classes of mitochondrially-targeted antibiotics include: the erythromycins, the tetracyclines, the glycylcyclines, an anti-parasitic drug, and chloramphenicol. Practical data are offered for one antibiotic in each drug class: azithromycin, doxycycline, tigecycline, pyrvinium pamoate, as well as chloramphenicol, as proof-of-concept. Importantly, many of these drugs are non-toxic for normal cells, likely reducing the side effects of anti-cancer therapy. Therefore, we now propose to treat tumor like an infectious disease, by repurposing FDA-approved antibiotics for anti-cancer therapy, across multiple tumor types. These drug classes should also be considered for prevention studies, specifically focused on the prevention of tumor recurrence and distant metastasis. Finally, recent medical tests with doxycycline and azithromycin (intended to target cancer-associated infections, but not malignancy cells) have already shown positive restorative effects in malignancy individuals, although their ability to eradicate malignancy stem cells was not yet appreciated. and studies. Dental Oncol. 2010;46(3):178C84. [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 16. Foroodi F, Duivenvoorden WC, Singh G. Relationships of doxycycline with chemotherapeutic providers in human being breast adenocarcinoma MDA-MB-231 cells. Anticancer Medicines. 2009;20(2):115C22. [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 17. Sapadin AN, Fleischmajer R. Tetracyclines: nonantibiotic properties and their medical implications. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2006;54(2):258C65. [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 18. Saikali Z1, Singh G. Doxycycline and additional tetracyclines in the treatment of bone metastasis. Anticancer Medicines. 2003;14(10):773C8. [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 19. Duivenvoorden WC, Popovi? SV, Lhotk S, Seidlitz E, Hirte HW, Tozer RG, Singh G. Doxycycline decreases tumor burden inside a bone metastasis model of human being breast cancer. Tumor Res. 2002;62(6):1588C91. [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 20. Child K, Fujioka S, Iida T, Furukawa K, Fujita T, Yamada H, Chiao PJ, Yanaga K. Doxycycline induces apoptosis in PANC-1 pancreatic malignancy cells. Anticancer Res. 2009;29(10):3995C4003. [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 21. Rattan R, Ali Fehmi R, Munkarah A. Metformin: an growing new restorative option for focusing on tumor stem cells and metastasis. J Oncol. 2012;2012:928127. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 22. Hirsch HA, Iliopoulos D, Tsichlis PN, Struhl K. Metformin selectively focuses on tumor stem cells, and functions together with chemotherapy to block tumor growth and prolong remission. Tumor Res. 2009;69(19):7507C11. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 23. Han JJ, Kim TM, Jeon YK, Kim MK, Khwarg SI, Kim CW, Kim IH, Heo DS. Long-term results of first-line treatment with doxycycline in individuals with previously untreated ocular adnexal marginal zone B cell lymphoma. Ann Hematol. 2014 Oct 24 Epub ahead of printing. [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 24. Ferreri AJ, Dolcetti R, Magnino S, Doglioni C, Cangi MG, Pecciarini L, Ghia P, Dagklis A, RU 24969 hemisuccinate Pasini E, Vicari N, Dognini GP, Resti AG, Ponzoni M. A woman and her canary: a tale of chlamydiae and lymphomas. J Natl Malignancy Inst. 2007;99(18):1418C9. [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 25. Ferreri AJ, Ponzoni M, Guidoboni M, De Conciliis C, Resti AG, Mazzi B, Lettini AA, Demeter J, Dell’Oro S, Doglioni C, Villa E, Boiocchi M, Dolcetti R. Regression of ocular adnexal lymphoma after Chlamydia psittaci-eradicating antibiotic therapy. J Clin Oncol. 2005;23(22):5067C73. [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 26. Chu DJ, Yao DE, Zhuang YF, Hong Y, Zhu XC, Fang ZR, Yu J, Yu ZY. Azithromycin enhances the favorable results of paclitaxel and cisplatin in individuals with advanced non-small cell lung malignancy. Genet Mol Res. 2014;13(2):2796C805. [PubMed] [Google RU 24969 hemisuccinate Scholar] 27. Ferreri AJ1, Ponzoni M, Guidoboni M, Resti AG, Politi LS, Cortelazzo S, Demeter J, Zallio F, Palmas A, Muti G, Dognini GP, Pasini E, Lettini AA, Sacchetti F, De Conciliis C, Doglioni C, Dolcetti R. Bacteria-eradicating therapy with doxycycline in ocular adnexal MALT lymphoma: a multicenter prospective trial. J Natl Malignancy Inst. 2006;98(19):1375C82. [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 28. Shaw FL, Harrison H, Spence K, Ablett MP, Simoes BM, Farnie RU 24969 hemisuccinate G, Clarke RB. A detailed mammosphere assay protocol for the quantification of breast stem cell activity. J Mammary Gland Biol.These drug classes should also be considered for prevention studies, specifically focused on the prevention of tumor recurrence and distant metastasis. classes of mitochondrially-targeted antibiotics include: the erythromycins, the tetracyclines, the glycylcyclines, an anti-parasitic drug, and chloramphenicol. Practical data are offered for one antibiotic in each drug class: azithromycin, doxycycline, tigecycline, pyrvinium pamoate, as well as chloramphenicol, as proof-of-concept. Importantly, many of these drugs are non-toxic for normal cells, likely reducing the side effects of anti-cancer therapy. Therefore, we now propose to treat cancer like an infectious disease, by repurposing FDA-approved antibiotics for anti-cancer therapy, across multiple tumor types. These drug classes should also be considered for prevention studies, specifically focused on the prevention of tumor recurrence and distant metastasis. Finally, recent clinical tests with doxycycline and azithromycin (intended to target cancer-associated infections, but not malignancy cells) have already shown positive restorative effects in malignancy individuals, although their ability to eradicate malignancy stem cells was not yet appreciated. and studies. Dental Oncol. 2010;46(3):178C84. [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 16. Foroodi F, Duivenvoorden WC, Singh G. Relationships of doxycycline with chemotherapeutic providers in human being breast adenocarcinoma MDA-MB-231 cells. Anticancer Medicines. 2009;20(2):115C22. [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 17. Sapadin AN, Fleischmajer R. Tetracyclines: nonantibiotic properties and their medical implications. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2006;54(2):258C65. [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 18. Saikali Z1, Singh G. Doxycycline and additional tetracyclines in the treatment of bone metastasis. Anticancer Medicines. 2003;14(10):773C8. [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 19. Duivenvoorden WC, Popovi? SV, Lhotk S, Seidlitz E, Hirte HW, Tozer RG, Singh G. Doxycycline decreases tumor burden inside a bone metastasis model of human being breast cancer. Tumor Res. 2002;62(6):1588C91. [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 20. Child K, Fujioka S, Iida T, Furukawa K, Fujita T, Yamada H, Chiao PJ, Yanaga K. Doxycycline induces apoptosis in PANC-1 pancreatic malignancy cells. Anticancer Res. 2009;29(10):3995C4003. [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 21. Rattan R, Ali Fehmi R, Munkarah A. Metformin: an growing new restorative option for focusing on cancer tumor stem cells and metastasis. J Oncol. 2012;2012:928127. [PMC free of charge content] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 22. Hirsch HA, Iliopoulos D, Tsichlis PN, Struhl K. Metformin selectively goals cancer tumor stem cells, and works as well Rabbit Polyclonal to Desmin as chemotherapy to stop tumor development and prolong remission. Cancers Res. 2009;69(19):7507C11. [PMC free of charge content] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 23. Han JJ, Kim TM, Jeon YK, Kim MK, Khwarg SI, Kim CW, Kim IH, Heo DS. Long-term final results of first-line treatment with doxycycline in sufferers with previously neglected ocular adnexal marginal area B cell lymphoma. Ann Hematol. 2014 Oct 24 Epub before print out. [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 24. Ferreri AJ, Dolcetti R, Magnino S, Doglioni C, Cangi MG, Pecciarini L, Ghia P, Dagklis A, Pasini E, Vicari N, Dognini GP, Resti AG, Ponzoni M. A female and her canary: an account of chlamydiae and lymphomas. J Natl Cancers Inst. 2007;99(18):1418C9. [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 25. Ferreri AJ, Ponzoni M, Guidoboni M, De Conciliis C, Resti AG, Mazzi B, Lettini AA, Demeter J, Dell’Oro RU 24969 hemisuccinate S, Doglioni C, Villa E, Boiocchi M, Dolcetti R. Regression of ocular adnexal lymphoma after Chlamydia psittaci-eradicating antibiotic therapy. J Clin Oncol. 2005;23(22):5067C73. [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 26. Chu DJ, Yao DE, Zhuang YF, Hong Y, Zhu XC, Fang ZR, Yu J, Yu ZY. Azithromycin enhances the good outcomes of paclitaxel and cisplatin in sufferers with advanced non-small cell lung cancers. Genet Mol Res. 2014;13(2):2796C805. [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 27. Ferreri AJ1, Ponzoni M, Guidoboni M, Resti AG, Politi LS, Cortelazzo S, Demeter J, Zallio F, Palmas A, Muti G, Dognini GP, Pasini E, Lettini AA, Sacchetti F, De Conciliis C, Doglioni C, Dolcetti R. Bacteria-eradicating therapy with doxycycline in ocular adnexal MALT lymphoma: a multicenter potential trial. J Natl Cancers Inst. 2006;98(19):1375C82. [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 28. Shaw FL, Harrison H, Spence K, Ablett MP, Simoes BM, Farnie G, Clarke RB. An in depth mammosphere assay process for the quantification of breasts stem cell activity. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia. 2012;17(2):111C117. [PubMed] [Google Scholar].